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There may also be multiple users logged onto the computer at one time using Fast User Switching. Users can be disconnected or logged off from this tab. Holding down Ctrl while clicking New Task opens a command prompt. User -type certificates can be auto-enrolled and renewed.
Root CA certificates now also auto-update via Microsoft Update. Windows XP can enroll version 2 certificate templates which have many configurable attributes.
There are also numerous improvements to certificate status checking, chain building and revocation checking, path validation and discovery. Windows XP includes several Encrypting File System improvements [] The most notable improvement is that multiple user accounts can share access to encrypted files on a file-by-file basis. A Details button in the Advanced file attributes dialog in the file's properties allows adding or removing additional users who can access the EFS-encrypted file, and viewing the certificate thumbprint and the Data Recovery Agent account.
EFS certificates are autoenrolled in the CA and there is support for revocation checking on certificates used when sharing encrypted files. Unlike Windows , there is no default local Data Recovery Agent and no requirement to have one, although a self-signed certificate for the recovery agent can be generated using cipher. Windows XP can also encrypt files on a remote server with NTFS if the server is trusted for delegation in Active Directory and the user's certificate and private key are loaded in the local profile on the server.
If a roaming user profile is used, it will be copied locally. The command line utilities cipher , copy and xcopy have been updated in Windows XP. For faster cache validation, the time for how long the user session key and certificate chain are cached can be adjusted. This disk can be used to reset the password using the Password Reset Wizard from the logon screen. The user's RSA private key is backed up using an offline public key whose matching private key is stored in one of two places: the password reset disk if the computer is not a member of a domain or in Active Directory if it is a member of a domain.
An attacker who can authenticate to Windows XP as LocalSystem still does not have access to a decryption key stored on the PC's hard drive. If the user changes the password back to the original password, EFS encrypted files can be recovered.
Windows XP prompts for credentials upon authentication errors and allows saving those that use Integrated Windows Authentication to a secure roaming keyring store protected by the Data Protection API.
Saved credentials can be managed from the Stored User Names and Passwords item in the User accounts control panel. If a certificate authority is present, then users can a select an X. When that same resource is accessed again, the saved credentials will be used.
Windows XP introduces Software Restriction Policies and the Safer API [] [] By use of Software Restriction Policies, a system may be configured to execute or install only those applications and scripts which have been digitally signed or have a certain trust level, thus preventing the execution of untrusted programs and scripts. Administrators can define a default rule using the Local Security Policy snap-in, and exceptions to that rule.
The types of rules include: Hash Rule , Path Rule , Certificate Rule and Zone Rule which identify a file by its hash, path, software publisher's certificate or Internet Explorer-zone respectively. For example, an ActiveX control can be restricted to run only for a particular domain by specifying a certificate rule-based software restriction policy. Windows wireless support did not support seamless roaming and auto-configuration. Windows XP's Wireless Zero Configuration service supports automatic wireless network configuration with re-authentication when necessary thus providing seamless roaming capability and setting the preferred order of connections.
In the absence of a wireless access point, Windows XP can set up an ad hoc wireless network. It has a Quality of Service Packet Scheduler component. Internet Connection Sharing also includes a local DNS resolver in Windows XP to provide name resolution for all network clients on the home network, including non-Windows-based network devices. When multiple applications are accessing the internet simultaneously without any QoS and the connection isn't fast enough, the TCP receive window size is set to the full window of data in transit that the first application uses in the connection until a steady state is reached.
Subsequent connections made by other applications will take much longer to reach an optimal window size and the transmission rate of the second or third application will always be lower than that of the application that established the connection first. On such slow links, the QoS component in Windows XP automatically enables a Deficit round robin scheduling scheme, which creates a separate queue for each application and services these queues in a round-robin fashion.
IPv6 has to be installed and configured from the command line using the netsh interface ipv6 context as there is no GUI support. After the network interface's link-local address is assigned, stateless autoconfiguration for local and global addresses can be performed by Windows XP.
Static IPv6 addresses can be assigned if there is no IPv6 router on the local link. Transition mechanisms such as manually configured tunnels and 6to4 can be set up.
Privacy extensions are enabled and used by default. Teredo also helps traverse cone and restricted NATs. Teredo host-specific relay is enabled when a global IPv6 address has been assigned, otherwise Teredo client functionality is enabled. An open source DHCPv6 implementation called Dibbler is available, [] although stateless autoconfiguration largely makes it unnecessary. Windows XP includes the Background Intelligent Transfer Service, a Windows service that facilitates prioritized, throttled, and asynchronous transfer of files between machines using idle network bandwidth.
BITS constantly monitors network traffic for any increase or decrease in network traffic and throttles its own transfers to ensure that other foreground applications such as a web browser get the bandwidth they need. BITS also supports resuming transfers in case of disruptions. BITS version 1. From version 1. Windows XP components such as Windows Update use BITS to download updates so only idle bandwidth is used to download updates and downloading can be resumed in case network connectivity is interrupted.
BITS uses a queue to manage file transfers and downloads files on behalf of requesting applications asynchronously, i. The transfer will continue in the background as long as the network connection is there and the job owner is logged in. If a network application begins to consume more bandwidth, BITS decreases its transfer rate to preserve the user's interactive experience, except for Foreground priority downloads.
Windows XP has a Fax Console to manage incoming, outgoing and archived faxes and settings. The Fax Monitor only appears in the notification area when a fax transmission or reception is in progress. If manual reception of faxes is enabled, it appears upon an incoming fax call. It operates over IPv6. PNRP : This provides dynamic name publication and resolution of names to endpoints.
PNRP is a distributed name resolution protocol allowing Internet hosts to publish "peer names" and corresponding IPv6 addresses and optionally other information. Other hosts can then resolve the peer name, retrieve the corresponding addresses and other information, and establish peer-to-peer connections.
With PNRP, peer names are composed of an "authority" and a "qualifier". The authority is identified by a secure hash of an associated public key , or by a place-holder the number zero if the peer name is "unsecured". The qualifier is a string , allowing an authority to have different peer names for different services.
If a peer name is secure, the PNRP name records are signed by the publishing authority, and can be verified using its public key. Unsecured peer names can be published by anybody, without possible verification. Multiple entities can publish the same peer name. For example, if a peer name is associated with a group, any group member can publish addresses for the peer name. Peer names are published and resolved within a specified scope.
The scope can be a local link, a site e. Each peer in the overlay network corresponds to a node in the graph. Nodes are resolved to addresses using PNRP. All the nodes in a graph share book-keeping information responsible for the functioning of the network as a whole. For example, in a distributed resource management network, which node has what resource needs to be shared. Such information is shared as Records , which are flooded to all the peers in a graph. Each peer stores the Record to a local database.
A Record consists of a header and a body. The body contains data specific to the application that is using the API; the header contains metadata to describe the data in the body as name-value pairs serialized using XML , in addition to author and version information. It can also contain an index of the body data, for fast searching. A node can connect to other nodes directly as well, for communication that need not be shared with the entire Graph. A Group can be shared by multiple applications, unlike a Graph.
All Records exchanged are digitally signed. Peers must be invited into a Group. The invitation contains the GMC that enables it to join the group.
Windows XP introduces a more simplified form of sharing files with local users in a multi-user environment and over the network called Simple File Sharing. By checking the Make this folder private option in its Properties, local Administrators are also denied permissions to the My Documents folder.
Simple File Sharing disables granular local and network sharing permissions. It shares the item with the Everyone group on the network with read only or write access, without asking for a password but forcing Guest user permissions. This newer client works as a system service at the network-redirector level immediately above the file-system , allowing WebDAV shares to be assigned to a drive letter and used by any software, even through firewalls and NATs.
Applications can open remote files on HTTP servers, edit the file, and save the changes back to the file if the server allows. The WebDAV mini-redirector is known to have some limitations in authentication support. Although Windows XP did not ship with the following major Windows features out-of-the-box, these new features can be added to Windows XP by downloading these components which were incorporated in later versions of Windows.
Beginning with Windows XP SP2, the audio volume taper is stored in the registry for on-screen keyboard and remote control applications and can be customized by third parties, [] and Internet Explorer has improved Group Policy settings support beyond security settings.
There is IEEE For mass storage devices, Windows XP introduces hardware descriptors to distinguish between various storage types so that the operating system can set an appropriate default write caching policy. Device Manager provides a configuration setting whether to optimize devices for quick removal or for performance.
As mentioned in the above section , Windows XP includes improved support for FireWire cameras and audio video devices. Direct memory access over the bus from the host to the target allows kernel debugging over FireWire.
It is intended to prevent an application or service from executing code from a non-executable memory region. This helps prevent certain exploits that store code via a buffer overflow , for example. Software-enforced DEP does not protect from execution of code in data pages, but instead from another type of attack SEH overwrite.
If DEP is enabled for all applications , users gain additional resistance against zero-day exploits. Therefore, DEP is not enforced for all applications by default in bit versions of Windows and is only turned on for critical system components. Windows XP Service Pack 3 introduces additional NX APIs [] that allow software developers to enable NX hardware protection for their code, independent of system-wide compatibility enforcement settings.
Developers can mark their applications as NX-compliant when built, which allows protection to be enforced when that application is installed and runs. This enables a higher percentage of NX-protected code in the software ecosystem on bit platforms, where the default system compatibility policy for NX is configured to protect only operating system components. Like Internet Connection Sharing, the firewall has a location-aware policy, meaning it can be disabled in a corporate domain but enabled for a private home network.
It has an option to disallow all exceptions which may be useful when connecting to a public network. The firewall can also be used as the edge firewall for ICS clients. When the firewall blocks a program, it displays a notification. It supports port mapping and ICMP. Security log capabilities are included, which can record IP addresses and other data relating to connections originating from the home or office network or the Internet.
It can record both dropped packets and successful connections. This can be used, for instance, to track every time a computer on the network connects to a website. Windows Firewall also supports configuration through Group Policy.
Windows Security Center provides users with the ability to view the status of computer security settings and services. Windows Security Center also continually monitors these security settings, and informs the user via a pop-up notification balloon if there is a problem. The Windows Security Center consists of three major components: A control panel , a Windows Service , and an application programming interface that is provided by Windows Management Instrumentation.
The control panel divides the monitored security settings into categories, the headings of which are displayed with color-coded backgrounds. The current state of these settings is determined by the Windows service which starts automatically when the computer starts, and takes responsibility for continually monitoring the system for changes.
The settings are made available to the system through a WMI provider. Anti-malware and firewall software vendors can register with the Security Center through the WMI provider. Windows Update settings and status are also monitored and reported.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. New features added in Windows XP.
Main article: ClearType. Animation showing the difference in font rendering with normal antialiasing vs. ClearType The frame showing the latter is marked with an orange circle. Main article: Windows thumbnail cache. Main article: AutoPlay. Main article: Text Services Framework.
Main article: Microsoft-specific exception handling mechanisms. Main article: Prefetcher. Main article: System Restore. Main article: Automated System Recovery. Main article: Side-by-side assembly. Main article: Windows Error Reporting. Main article: Windows Movie Maker. Main article: Windows Media Center. Main article: DirectShow. Main article: Windows Script Host.
Main article: Remote Assistance. Main article: Fast user switching. See also: Winlogon. Main article: Windows Installer.
Main article: Disk Defragmenter Windows. Main article: Windows Task Manager. Main article: Windows Management Instrumentation. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. January Main article: Encrypting File System.
Main article: Wireless Zero Configuration. Main article: Internet Connection Sharing. Main article: IPv6. Main article: Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Main article: Peer Name Resolution Protocol. Main article: Bluetooth stack. Main article: Data Execution Prevention. Main article: Windows Firewall. Main article: Windows Security Center. XP Vista 7 8 10 Archived from the original on Retrieved Archived from the original on December 6, Visual Studio.
NET documentation. Archived from the original on 9 April Retrieved 4 April Archived from the original on December 13, MSDN Magazine. Microsoft Windows Internals 4th ed. Microsoft Press. ISBN February 4, Sams Publishing published Microsoft Technet. April 1, Archived from the original on July 18, Retrieved July 18, April 14, Archived from the original on April 30, Retrieved June 18, Windows Hardware Developer Center.
October 31, Archived from the original on March 4, Support 1. January 15, Archived from the original on February 22, Windows Support. Archived from the original on June 18, Archived from the original on September 18, Microsoft TechNet. January 3, Archived from the original on July 15, Archived from the original on 24 November Retrieved 23 November Archived from the original on 20 February Retrieved 20 November Microsoft Developer Network.
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